CLASS RACER FORUM

CLASS RACER FORUM (https://classracer.com/classforum/index.php)
-   Stock and Super Stock (https://classracer.com/classforum/forumdisplay.php?f=3)
-   -   Access to AMA Shipping Weights? (https://classracer.com/classforum/showthread.php?t=81453)

KRatcliff 02-10-2022 05:51 PM

Re: Access to AMA Shipping Weights?
 
Quote:

Originally Posted by Bryan Worner (Post 657126)
This is a real easy one to explain so I’ll tackle it! Firebird can run SS/HA, Camaro can’t! So when they race each other, let’s say in the final of a national event, or a must win round in a points race, they won’t race heads up! Therefore, neither will have to lean on their combo, which is the same in both cars, to secure that all important round win! So they just race each other in bracket mode and continue on with the same factor. Allen, is that a good explanation???

I have thought a little more about your explanation and tying it to Allen's comment. I think your explanation is valid, but narrow in the scope that you are comparing the same engine combination in a Firebird vs. a Camaro that are not running in the same class due to weight breaks. Thus eliminating a head's up situation, but I didn't read Allen's question as being that narrow.

Maybe he meant it to be as such, but he simply said "it helps the entire LT1 combo avoid heads-up runs and HP adjustments" which I contend that is not true. The head's up runs are not limited to the same combo they could be any combination in your respective class as you know. That was why I answered that the more classes a LT1 can compete in the greater odds of a heads up run with one of the other combos and it would affect the entire LT1 family in both the Firebirds and Camaros if triggers are hit or the average is affected.

Joey Bohannon 02-10-2022 06:46 PM

Re: Access to AMA Shipping Weights?
 
Please define "Paper Car" , I thought one of the first sentences in the rule book was something along the lines of "reserved for factory produced cars". I am not trying to stir a pot or be an ***, I want a real definition.

Ralph A Powell 02-10-2022 07:56 PM

Re: Access to AMA Shipping Weights?
 
Quote:

Originally Posted by Joey Bohannon (Post 657184)
Please define "Paper Car" , I thought one of the first sentences in the rule book was something along the lines of "reserved for factory produced cars". I am not trying to stir a pot or be an ***, I want a real definition.

A paper car is a vehicle that was never built and sold. It was built on paper submitted to NHRA to Race. Just about every Auto Manufacturer built a few for NHRA Racers!

Joey Bohannon 02-10-2022 08:26 PM

Re: Access to AMA Shipping Weights?
 
If you can't enforce the rules beyond the first paragraph just start calling Bracket II to the lanes.

Frank Bialas 02-10-2022 09:15 PM

Re: Access to AMA Shipping Weights?
 
Quote:

Originally Posted by gts340 (Post 657083)
any bets this all goes away.

Paul

bingo

Allen Wilson III 02-10-2022 09:49 PM

Re: Access to AMA Shipping Weights?
 
Quote:

Originally Posted by KRatcliff (Post 657182)
I have thought a little more about your explanation and tying it to Allen's comment. I think your explanation is valid, but narrow in the scope that you are comparing the same engine combination in a Firebird vs. a Camaro that are not running in the same class due to weight breaks. Thus eliminating a head's up situation, but I didn't read Allen's question as being that narrow.

Maybe he meant it to be as such, but he simply said "it helps the entire LT1 combo avoid heads-up runs and HP adjustments" which I contend that is not true. The head's up runs are not limited to the same combo they could be any combination in your respective class as you know. That was why I answered that the more classes a LT1 can compete in the greater odds of a heads up run with one of the other combos and it would affect the entire LT1 family in both the Firebirds and Camaros if triggers are hit or the average is affected.

You’re right. Bryan said it much better than I. It spreads the combo out further than it should and prevents some of the obviously fast cars from ever having to run each other.

KRatcliff 02-10-2022 10:12 PM

Re: Access to AMA Shipping Weights?
 
Quote:

Originally Posted by Allen Wilson III (Post 657195)
You’re right. Bryan said it much better than I. It spreads the combo out further than it should and prevents some of the obviously fast cars from ever having to run each other.

Yes it does spread out the combo, but it has the opposite effect to what you are thinking. More classes expose any combo to more heads up which can potentially affect the entire combo with one major fast run like the most recent that took the stock auto LT1 to 358.

To further illustrate my point you need to look no further than why Pontiac originally submitted the TI sheets with so many weight breaks for basically the same body. The LT1 had a super soft HP factor and Pontiac knew it. They wanted the combo to be in as many classes as possible FOR heads up opportunities to showcase their cars. By spreading out the combo in as many classes as possible it would look like they had a real dominant combination.

Things come full circle after a while and it exposes the other side of this strategy as where we are today. It works great in the beginning, but it can really hurt a combo if it has possibilities to run another car in the same class that has a more favorable combo. More classes equal more heads up opportunities to hurt the entire combo.

Rory McNeil 02-11-2022 01:10 AM

Re: Access to AMA Shipping Weights?
 
Quote:

Originally Posted by Larry Hill (Post 657173)
If Shelby put the .527/.527 cam in their cars so be it. Allowing it to be used in all 428 mustang or mercury is wrong. Something in rule book about factory produce and in the hands of the general public.

Lets put the Z28 can in all the SBC, it fits.

Or allow 70 and 71 E body 440 6 barrel cars use the aluminum Edelbrock intake manifold that only came on the 69 B12 Road Runner and Super Bees, rather than the cast iron manifold that the 70 and 71 3x2 barrel car actually came with? Or the fiberglass hood that was only factory installed on the 340 AAR Cuda and T/A Challengers, on any E Body? What was the old saying about people who live in glass houses?

Rory McNeil 02-11-2022 01:17 AM

Re: Access to AMA Shipping Weights?
 
Quote:

Originally Posted by grncpe (Post 657179)
Sure! We will take the Mr Norms demon then. 340 with six pack or the optional Paxton super charger! Sounds fair.

Mr. Norms Grand Spaulding Dodge was a dealership, NOT the manufacturer. If dealer installed modified cars were allowed, there could be 401 Gremlins from Randall American, and 454 Vegas from Baldwin /Motion rolling into the Stock staging lanes!

grncpe 02-11-2022 02:18 AM

Re: Access to AMA Shipping Weights?
 
Quote:

Originally Posted by Rory McNeil (Post 657203)
Mr. Norms Grand Spaulding Dodge was a dealership, NOT the manufacturer. If dealer installed modified cars were allowed, there could be 401 Gremlins from Randall American, and 454 Vegas from Baldwin /Motion rolling into the Stock staging lanes!

Exactly, my statement was in regards to the statement someone posted above mine about the z-28 dealer installed cross ram.

Paul Merolla 02-11-2022 08:15 AM

Re: Access to AMA Shipping Weights?
 
Aaaannnd...back to normal.

NHRA Tech Department makes corrections to the Stock Car Classification Guide
Feb. 10, 2022



After inadvertent changes to the class guide the NHRA Technical Department has postponed these updates. 2021 shipping weights will be used for the 2022 racing season. If you have any question or concerns with the current class guide please contact Pat Cvengros at pcvengros@nhra.com .

Frank Castros 02-11-2022 08:17 AM

Re: Access to AMA Shipping Weights?
 
Just to be fair.
In 1963 Chrysler provided aluminum front ends for the dealers to install on Plymouths and Dodges as they were not equipped with such from the factory.
In 1964 they were installed on the assembly line.

Larry Hill 02-11-2022 08:27 AM

Re: Access to AMA Shipping Weights?
 
In less than 24 hours the thread has had over thousands of views, which lets me believe that the Stock/SS family is alive and well. It’s good for our sport.

GUMP 02-11-2022 09:14 AM

Re: Access to AMA Shipping Weights?
 
Quote:

Originally Posted by Doug Hoven (Post 657084)
Not sure if this story is 100% true, but I was told that in 1998, GM racing had not fully developed the ls1 as part of their program. Pontiac racing opted to stick with the lt1 for the 1998 model year for their race cars. They never made any body in white “race only” Camaros, so they, along with all of the street trim cars, came with ls1 engines.

The 1998 GM Performance Parts Catalog page 180.

24502480 - Current Model Year Camaro Z-28 Body in White

Larry Hill 02-11-2022 09:40 AM

Re: Access to AMA Shipping Weights?
 
Rory we do spend more than you would think on Glass Cleaner.

Chris1529 02-11-2022 11:53 AM

Re: Access to AMA Shipping Weights?
 
Quote:

Originally Posted by Adger Smith (Post 657174)
Larry,
I want the Z-28 optional cam and Cross Ram intake that was supposed to come in the trunk, when ordered, and be dealer installed... let's not forget & The cowl hood for it...

..and the AMC Group 19 package while we are at it.

Doug Hoven 02-11-2022 12:11 PM

Re: Access to AMA Shipping Weights?
 
Quote:

Originally Posted by GUMP (Post 657215)
The 1998 GM Performance Parts Catalog page 180.

24502480 - Current Model Year Camaro Z-28 Body in White

I stand corrected. I wonder what the ratio of Firebirds to Camaro body in white cars sold is. It seems like the Firebirds were a more popular purchase.

Rory McNeil 02-11-2022 12:23 PM

Re: Access to AMA Shipping Weights?
 
Quote:

Originally Posted by Doug Hoven (Post 657227)
I stand corrected. I wonder what the ratio of Firebirds to Camaro body in white cars sold is. It seems like the Firebirds were a more popular purchase.

Doug, not sure, but I wonder if since at that time, Pontiac was the "official car of NHRA", if maybe Pontiac offered a higher manufacturer contingency payout ?

dartman 02-11-2022 12:32 PM

Re: Access to AMA Shipping Weights?
 
Quote:

Originally Posted by Billy Nees (Post 657125)
And yet, when it's convenient for them, the manufacturers "manipulate" the weights and NHRA goes right along with them! Case-in-point,

2019 Challenger 1320 #3399 8.23 a nice natural A car that can make AA/A/B

2017 Challenger Hellcat #4500 7.50 natural AA car that can make A

Same car, #1100 difference between the two? It couldn't just be that Mopar was picking-and-choosing classes could it?

Larry, maybe you could ask your Mopar buddys about this (and your hood) and I'll find out about that .525 FFFFord cam.


not the same cars at all.hellcat is a 6.2s/c car. 1320 is a 6.4n/a car.

Lenny5160 02-11-2022 12:40 PM

Re: Access to AMA Shipping Weights?
 
Quote:

Originally Posted by dartman (Post 657230)
not the same cars at all.hellcat is a 6.2s/c car. 1320 is a 6.4n/a car.

How much does that blower weigh???

Glenn Briglio 02-11-2022 01:13 PM

Re: Access to AMA Shipping Weights?
 
Quote:

Originally Posted by Lenny5160 (Post 657232)
How much does that blower weigh???

1000 lbs right............lol

GUMP 02-11-2022 02:00 PM

Re: Access to AMA Shipping Weights?
 
Quote:

Originally Posted by Glenn Briglio (Post 657241)
1000 lbs right............lol

From Dodge's website.....

- $3,995
- "1320" Fender Badge
- "1320" I/P Badge
- 1320 Illuminated Air Catcher
- 20-Inch x 9.5-Inch Low-Gloss Black Drag Wheels
- 275/40R20 102Y Drag Radial Tires
- Adaptive Damping Suspension
- Dodge Alcantara® Performance Steering Wheel
- Dodge Performance Pages
- Drag Mode Performance Pages
- Drag Mode Suspension
- Driver Floor Mat (NAW 1320 Plus Group)
- Front Pass Seat Belt Delete (NAW 1320 Plus Group)
- 1-Yr NMCA/NHRA Membership - visit DodgeGarage.com
- Passenger Seat Delete (NAW 1320 Plus Group)
- Rear Seat Delete Group (NAW 1320 Plus Group)
- Speed Limited Engine Controller
- Transbrake

Jim Hanig 02-11-2022 02:39 PM

Re: Access to AMA Shipping Weights?
 
Quote:

Originally Posted by littlemanjoe (Post 656913)
Hopefully the Mopar big blocks 6 pack combos can get an HP break so we can keep up with the others.
The cars have to weigh almost 4000 lbs
Trying to run with cars that make the same power that weigh 3400 lbs.

It's now like taking a knife gun fight.

Which car would that be?

Tom Meyer 02-11-2022 02:57 PM

Re: Access to AMA Shipping Weights?
 
How many almost free SS Pontiacs were given out back in the day. Div 5 had a few after a trip to FJ?

Don Kennedy 02-11-2022 03:22 PM

Re: Access to AMA Shipping Weights?
 
Quote:

Originally Posted by Tom Meyer (Post 657253)
How many almost free SS Pontiacs were given out back in the day. Div 5 had a few after a trip to FJ?

Tom, I got two Pontiacs firebirds and a Oldsmobile

SSDiv6 02-11-2022 04:11 PM

Re: Access to AMA Shipping Weights?
 
1 Attachment(s)
Quote:

Originally Posted by Rory McNeil (Post 657202)
Or allow 70 and 71 E body 440 6 barrel cars use the aluminum Edelbrock intake manifold that only came on the 69 B12 Road Runner and Super Bees, rather than the cast iron manifold that the 70 and 71 3x2 barrel car actually came with? Or the fiberglass hood that was only factory installed on the 340 AAR Cuda and T/A Challengers, on any E Body? What was the old saying about people who live in glass houses?

Having raced and owned Mopars in the past and also, family members having owned A, B, and E Body Mopars, I can say that the E-Body Challengers did have the T/A fiberglass hood under the N94 code option and it has been documented and OEM part numbers available.

My college roommate had an original, Orange, 1970 Challenger R/T Hemi, with the N94 code option and the T/A hood.

P1970-1971 Chrysler Parts Catalog:
-- Retainer = base / cover = lid --
N94 - CHALLENGER - fiber glass hood - air cleaners
COVER
340 or 440 eng., w/3-2 bbl. carb. - #3577 395
426 eng. chrome w/decal - #3577 396
RETAINER
340 or 440 eng., w/3-2 bbl. carb. - #3577 385
426 eng. w/2-4 bbl. carb. - #3577 394
BODY
340 4bbl. eng. - #3577 457
383 4bbl. eng. - #3577 458
COVER PLATE w/fresh air - #3577 459
COVER PLATE ASSY w/fresh air - #3577 387

Here is an actual VIN of a Challenger with the N94 code option, 383-4BBL, 4 Speed

The only Cuda to have a fiberglass hood was the AAR with the 340-6.

Steve Stasko 02-11-2022 04:36 PM

Re: Access to AMA Shipping Weights?
 
Quote:

Originally Posted by GUMP (Post 657251)
From Dodge's website.....

- $3,995
- "1320" Fender Badge
- "1320" I/P Badge
- 1320 Illuminated Air Catcher
- 20-Inch x 9.5-Inch Low-Gloss Black Drag Wheels
- 275/40R20 102Y Drag Radial Tires
- Adaptive Damping Suspension
- Dodge Alcantara® Performance Steering Wheel
- Dodge Performance Pages
- Drag Mode Performance Pages
- Drag Mode Suspension
- Driver Floor Mat (NAW 1320 Plus Group)
- Front Pass Seat Belt Delete (NAW 1320 Plus Group)
- 1-Yr NMCA/NHRA Membership - visit DodgeGarage.com
- Passenger Seat Delete (NAW 1320 Plus Group)
- Rear Seat Delete Group (NAW 1320 Plus Group)
- Speed Limited Engine Controller
- Transbrake

So optional rear seat, passenger's seat, and no blower. Still not seeing 1000 lbs there...

My '2017 R/T with the T/A package was 4275 at Maple Grove with me and a quarter tank of gas. I'm 170. It's a 5.7, 6-speed. Deduce your own conclusions on the 1320.

GUMP 02-11-2022 05:06 PM

Re: Access to AMA Shipping Weights?
 
Quote:

Originally Posted by Steve Stasko (Post 657259)
So optional rear seat, passenger's seat, and no blower. Still not seeing 1000 lbs there...

My '2017 R/T with the T/A package was 4275 at Maple Grove with me and a quarter tank of gas. I'm 170. It's a 5.7, 6-speed. Deduce your own conclusions on the 1320.

Did you read my post about how the 2015 Camaro came to be so light? There has to be a concession for all of the stuff that can legally be taken out. If not, you could not legally race these late model cars. If they would allow 1,000 lbs. of ballast I think the car would be a tad dangerous.....

Barry Polley 02-11-2022 05:54 PM

Re: Access to AMA Shipping Weights?
 
More deflection on this thread than my bbc valve train! I’d be worried about my own combo for 2023!

Steve Stasko 02-11-2022 06:26 PM

Re: Access to AMA Shipping Weights?
 
Quote:

Originally Posted by GUMP (Post 657260)
Did you read my post about how the 2015 Camaro came to be so light? There has to be a concession for all of the stuff that can legally be taken out. If not, you could not legally race these late model cars. If they would allow 1,000 lbs. of ballast I think the car would be a tad dangerous.....

I did read that. I should have clarified more that I was looking at the 4500 number on the Hellcat. Not seeing the 1k difference between the two cars. I know the additional stuff is heavy, but at the same time, how much weight is added back when the car is prepped and ready?

So what did the 2012 car weigh after you gutted it? Added the cage?

GUMP 02-11-2022 07:03 PM

Re: Access to AMA Shipping Weights?
 
I can get the car Jeff Warren was driving down to about 3050 with him in it.

SS/GSI 02-12-2022 10:19 AM

Re: Access to AMA Shipping Weights?
 
Quote:

Originally Posted by GUMP (Post 657260)
Did you read my post about how the 2015 Camaro came to be so light? There has to be a concession for all of the stuff that can legally be taken out. If not, you could not legally race these late model cars. If they would allow 1,000 lbs. of ballast I think the car would be a tad dangerous.....

Darin, I have no idea where you get that there would be 1000#'s of ballast in the car. I also do not understand how you do not comprehend the basis of "Shipping Weight" as it pertains to how NHRA forms what we know as being the Stock Classification Guide. To actually mention that there "should be" a concession for what we are legally allowed to remove from our racecars?!?! So I guess the new cars are the only ones who removed back seats, factory front seats, AC, Heater Box, Spare Tire, OEM Fuel Tank +++??? You do not think that older model cars would like this preferential SW treatment? Do we start putting the roll cage weights onto shipping weights...mild steel or chromoly...6, 8, 10 point or FC cage???!!!

With the current SW on the '15 Camaro(Natural A car, can run AA/A/B) 1 competitor last year ran AA, 1 ran A and 6 ran B(including Mr. Warren), so obviously the car fits A or B best. The car, if given the proper shipping weight would be capable of running C; therefore needing to add 200#'s. In SS it would go from G/H/I to H/I/J; therefore adding 180#'s from its lowest class.

If the solution to the integrity of the Stock Classification Guide is for NHRA and all the squeaky wheels out there is to distort and/or get rid of correct SW's all together and run as low as you can weigh, then I guess there is not need to call ourselves STK and SS....Steel Body, NO-Box Bracket I & II to the lanes!!!

James Perrone 02-12-2022 10:52 AM

Re: Access to AMA Shipping Weights?
 
Quote:

Originally Posted by SS/GSI (Post 657283)
Darin, I have no idea where you get that there would be 1000#'s of ballast in the car. I also do not understand how you do not comprehend the basis of "Shipping Weight" as it pertains to how NHRA forms what we know as being the Stock Classification Guide. To actually mention that their "should be" a concession for what we are legally allowed to remove?!?! So I guess the new cars are the only ones who removed back seats, factory front seats, AC, Heater Box, Spare Tire, OEM Fuel Tank +++??? You do not think that older model cars would like this preferential SW treatment? Do we start putting the roll cage weights onto shipping weights...mild steel or chromoly...6, 8, 10 point or FC cage???!!!

With the current SW on the '15 Camaro(Natural A car, can run AA/A/B) 1 competitor last year ran AA, 1 ran A and 6 ran B(including Mr. Warren), so obviously the car fits A or B best. The car, if given the proper shipping weight would be capable of running C; therefore needing to add 200#'s. In SS it would go from G/H/I to H/I/J; therefore adding 180#'s from its lowest class.

If the solution to the integrity of the Stock Classification Guide is for NHRA and all the squeaky wheels out there is to distort and/or get rid of correct SW's all together and run as low as you can weigh, then I guess there is not need to call ourselves STK and SS....Steel NO-Box Bracket I & II to the lanes!!!

Kevin
Your Terrorist rhetoric that you are spreading in NHRA and upsetting the balance of competitiveness in stock and super stock has upset the apple cart
You have been classified as terroist organization By your USA competitors
How did you get over the Canadian Border to start this fire?
I thought Mr Trudeau had you canucks under control ?
You my need a bodyguard and bulletproof vest to race with us. 😆

GUMP 02-12-2022 05:13 PM

Re: Access to AMA Shipping Weights?
 
Quote:

Originally Posted by SS/GSI (Post 657283)
With the current SW on the '15 Camaro(Natural A car, can run AA/A/B) 1 competitor last year ran AA, 1 ran A and 6 ran B(including Mr. Warren), so obviously the car fits A or B best. The car, if given the proper shipping weight would be capable of running C; therefore needing to add 200#'s. In SS it would go from G/H/I to H/I/J; therefore adding 180#'s from its lowest class.

That means to run C it would need to be 3775. As I have already explained, that would be over 700 lbs. of ballast. This would make the car technically illegal and unsafe too.

This is a link to an on-going project that I have with Chevrolet. I have noted a lot of weights of things that we removed. Note that just the wheels and tires are over 240 lbs.!!

https://www.camaro6.com/forums/showthread.php?t=538617

These cars are not even close to Stockers. If I were to convert them, they would easily be 3,000 lbs. including driver.

SSDiv6 02-12-2022 05:52 PM

Re: Access to AMA Shipping Weights?
 
Quote:

Originally Posted by GUMP (Post 657299)
That means to run C it would need to be 3775. As I have already explained, that would be over 700 lbs. of ballast. This would make the car technically illegal and unsafe too.

This is a link to an on-going project that I have with Chevrolet. I have noted a lot of weights of things that we removed. Note that just the wheels and tires are over 240 lbs.!!

https://www.camaro6.com/forums/showthread.php?t=538617

These cars are not even close to Stockers. If I were to convert them, they would easily be 3,000 lbs. including driver.

Daren,
I can relate as regards the removal of weight in the new cars.
I am currently working on a project based on an original 2016 Mustang V6. After removing the drivetrain and all the OEM components that are not required, I was surprised how light the car is without all these parts.
The car can easily weigh less than 3000lbs with the driver race ready.

Billy Nees 02-16-2022 10:18 AM

Re: Access to AMA Shipping Weights?
 
Quote:

Originally Posted by GUMP (Post 657115)
This argument goes back to 2009 when I purchased one of the very first BIW Camaros. There was some heated discussion about the shipping weight. The gentleman at Chevrolet would not listen and submitted the 2010 Camaro at around 3,800 lbs. without driver.

At that time, nobody had really done anything with one of these cars. Since I knew that Chevrolet wanted to build the COPO, I tried to get them to work with me to come up with an NHRA accepted rear suspension. My emails went unanswered.

In 2011 I purchased a zero option 1 SS Camaro. It weighed around 3600 lbs. minus driver. At the PRI Show I crawled under the COPO and measured the rear suspension. I then went to Bruce at NHRA and worked with him to make it legal for the 2010 Camaro. I went home and built it. All the time sharing with Bruce.

Before I got the car finished the whole COPO thing happened...

In 2015 I ordered two new 2016 cars. I decided to park the 2012 because of it's unique history. That left the 2014. I reached out to Chevrolet about putting all the Camaros in the guide. They settled on the 2015.

With all of the knowledge gained in those years it was obvious that a 2015 Camaro built within the current rules for Stock Eliminator would weigh around 2,800 lbs without driver. That's 1,100 lbs. from what you want and 800 lbs. from the 2012 car that I owned!! The decision was made to keep the ballast to no more than 500 lbs.

That is the way the 2015 Camaro got to that weight.

If the NHRA wants new cars in the Class guide, they have to make a weight concession for all of the stuff that can legally be removed.

OK, that's my version of history. One day I'll share my story on the LS3 engine specs......

Ya know, I don't know why I haven't brought this up sooner and I realize that it's apples-and-oranges but the Cavalier has to weigh 2830 w/driver to fit it's natural class and it rolled across the scale at 2850 w/driver complete with radio, heater, a/c and spare tire and jack. Shipping wt. is 2676.

Larry Hill 02-19-2022 09:51 AM

Re: Access to AMA Shipping Weights?
 
I believe a lot of the fiction in the Classification Guide was done, as one sponsored racer explanation; “What do you expect, Pontiac the official car of NHRA”. So is that greasing the palm or the wheel, the real question will NHRA fix it


All times are GMT -4. The time now is 10:07 PM.

Powered by vBulletin® Version 3.8.11
Copyright ©2000 - 2025, vBulletin Solutions Inc.
Copyright Class Racer.com. All Rights Reserved. Designated trademarks and brands are the property of their respective owners.